Wal-Mart China Analysis - 3304 Words

Introduction Since China was opened the market in earlier 1980s, a number of foreign supermarket corporation were entered, e.g. Carrefour, Tesco and Wal-mart. Now the Wal-mart has become one of the very important supermarkets in Chinese supermarket sector. This assignment is intends to offer the evaluation for the business and performance of Wal-mart in China in terms of PEST and SWOT models, with critical discussion on the choosing and using of those two analytical models, so that provide the critical analysis and related recommendation to Wal-mart’s strategy in China. Critical evaluation of PEST and SWOT models Since the corporate strategy has been commonly described as a matrix that provided proper business direction and extent for†¦show more content†¦The evaluation of Wal-mart in China in terms of PEST and SWOT models Political factor It’s a trend that the Chinese government increasingly open market to foreign investors by reducing the barriers of entry. Recently, the State Council of China has altered the foreign investment policies, encouraged and supported the foreign investment on the service sector, especially the labour intensive but environmental friendly business in low developed central or western China (Chen Liang, 2010). The government has also permitted the foreign investors to set up partnership business with local firms (Cao Tai, 2009) rather than formerly approved options of joint venture and wholly owned. On the other hand, the current government and communist party are working to ease the social inequality. The minimum wage and annual income protection have been approved and increased in China at present (Wang et.al., 2009). Also, they have promoted the establishment of government-led labour union in major foreign business and expect to require all of them to set up in later (Kahn, 2006), which aim to create official-approved labour protection chapter and collective bargaining in foreign firms. Economic factor At present, the Chinese economy has partly recovered from previous strike of global economic crisis. With sizable fiscal stimulus in public sector and release of massive lending in recent years,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Swot Analysis of Wal-Mart in China1779 Words   |  8 PagesWal-Mart in China October 31, 2011 The team is playing the role of management consultants in the case study of Wal-Mart stores in China. The team decided that a SWOT analysis was the best approach to the case in the beginning stages of the project. The SWOT analysis was designed as a tool that identifies  the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization. The  method of SWOT analysis is to take the information from  an environmental analysis and separate it into internal  (strengthsRead MoreCase Analysis: Wal-Mart Stores: „Everyday Low Pricesâ€Å" in China2263 Words   |  10 PagesCase Analysis: Wal-Mart Stores: „Everyday Low Pricesâ€Å" in China I. Introduction Within less than 30 years, Wal-Mart had transformed from a small rural retailer in Arkansas into the largest retailer in the U.S. In order to continue this rapid growth, the company had started to pursue international expansion grounded in the belief that the firm’s business model of offering quality products at low prices and great customer service would appeal to consumers everywhere around the world (p.8)[1]Read MoreSwot Analysis of Wal-Mart and Carrefour952 Words   |  4 PagesSusan Donoho Argosy University SWOT Analysis of Wal-mart and Carrefour SWOT Analysis for Wal-Mart and Carrefour What is a hypermarket? According to Business Dictionary that is an online business definition resource, it is a â€Å"vast self-service warehouse-cum-retail outlet that combines the features of a supermarket, department store, discount store, and specialty store in one location.† A hypermarket may also be called a hyper-mart (Business Dictionary, 2012). The multinational retailers thatRead MoreWalmart Success in China?1198 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study: Wal-Mart Stores â€Å"Every Day Low Prices† In China Webster University INTB 5000 1 Webster University 2 Wal-Mart Stores â€Å"Every Day Low Prices† In China FACTS: ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ First opened in Shenzhen on August 12, 1996 As of December 2007 ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ 94 stores in 51 cities Employs 43,000+ associates Serves around 5 million customers per week ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ ïÆ'Ëœ Transition from rural US to metro/urban in China Competitive analysis a core value of the company ï‚ § Shopping 1,500 items andRead MoreWalmart China Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study #1 Wal-Mart China How Wal-Mart China should push â€Å"sustainability† into the next level Research Conducted by Wal-Mart China and third parties found that customer satisfaction was most affected by the value perceived by customers. The Chinese market is known for its price sensitivity. Customers seem to be far more concerned with whether or not they are receiving the best price, then whether or not Wal-Mart China is committedRead MoreIs Wal Mart Good For America?1555 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of â€Å"Frontline: Is Wal-Mart Good for America?† Capitalism. It’s one of the greatest systems for our nation. It can be argued that capitalism is one of the ways that American’s maintain their freedom from the government. When does capitalism turn to monopolization? In the United States we have a free trade market. Even so, there are big corporations that seem to take over. Wal-Mart offers low prices, convenient locations, and access to various products in the same location. Wal-Mart makesRead MoreWalmart1018 Words   |  5 PagesWal-Mart Case Study Part 1 * Is Wal-Mart Good for America? * First company to report 256$ billion in sales * World’s largest company * Global retailors have become the most powerful in the global economy * Each week 100 million shoppers visit Wal-Mart * Try to keep costs as less possible * Large volumes, fast turnover * Buy less, sell for cheaper than the â€Å"other guy† * 120,000 items in stock, managed through barcode reader * TrackRead MoreUse the Stakeholder Model of Business Environments to Critically Examine the External Environment of Asda Wal-Mart as Outlined in the Case Study That Follows.1219 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness environments to critically examine the external environment of Asda Wal-Mart as outlined in the case study that follows. Each organisation has a unique external and internal environment that has unique impacts on the organisation. A stakeholder’s analysis categorises that environment determining whether an organisation or a person has any low or high interest and power over the business. Based on The Asda Wal-Mart case study, stakeholders are consecutive: HIGH INTEREST LOW INTEREST Read MoreContrast of Carrefour and Wal-Mart1177 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategies of Carrefour and Wal-Mart in the Chinese market Since the American  entrepreneur, Clarence Saunders, opens his first Piggly Wiggly  store in  Memphis,  Tennessee, in 1916, the concept of   self-service  store has swept the globe. With the largest population in the world, China is expected to be the world’s biggest retail market which is now already the world’s fastest-growing market.( Anon, 2011:1) As the world’s first and second largest retail groups, Carrefour and Wal-Mart are one their way pilingRead MoreGlobal HR Management788 Words   |  3 PagesGlobal HR Management Situation Analysis and Pending Decision Problem: In 1991 Wal-Mart entered in Mexico to internationalize its operation. By 2005 Wal-Mart had presence in nine countries with its US based success model of EDLP. But it received mixed response in different markets. Wal-Mart did well in Mexico, Canada, and England, whereas in Germany it had to sell all its business to Metro, a German retailer. Likewise, it was facing many challenges in Chinese market. For example because of increased

Communication and Thought Interpersonal Communication System

Question: Discuss about theCommunication and Thought for Interpersonal Communication System. Answer: Introduction: As mentioned by San Martn (2015) in simple terms the exchange of informations that is done between two or more people is known as interpersonal communication. With the increase in the knowledge and with continuous practice, development and improvement in the communication skills is visualised. During the process of this interpersonal communication system there is sending of the message from one source and the receiving of the message at the other source. There are many ways of conducting this communication system, however, the most successful system is the one in which where the message that is sent by the sender is understood by the receiver. This study considers variety of elements and both the qualitative and the quantitative methods are used for the exploration of the interpersonal communication. In all of the business organization, the people require to interact with each other and almost everyday use interpersonal communication system. The interpersonal communication is required in the business organizations to interact with the customers, handle complaints and feedbacks to the customers, interact within the organization with the employee and also for other needs (Brandler and Roman 2015). The Communication Skills: The interpersonal skills are used when the means of communication that is being is the face to face communication. The different types of interpersonal communication skills are: Skills of Listening: While communicating with the other people, listening to the other person is the most vital interpersonal skill of communication as during a conversation a person spends about 45% of the time in listening to the other person. The ability that allows the person to receive and to interpret the massage accurately is known as the listening. Without being able to listen and understand the message effectively, the communication system may breakdown. The different principles of listening are: Stop talking: While talking continuously the person could not listen to what the other person is trying to say. So in order to listen one must first stop talking and focus on what the other person is trying to say. Comfort: Both the speaker and the listener needs to be comfortable while therefore, listener needs to show indications that the words spoken by the speaker are being conveyed to them. the speaker must not anything that would distract the speaker from speaking his words. Empathise: The listening does not only mean to listen to the words spoken by the speaker but also to understand the point of view of the other person also and understand trhe things from that sense. Patience: The listener also needs to be patience for the time period and should not interrupt while the speaker is trying to convey its message and let them continue to finish their message. Non- Verbal communication: While listening the only focus should not be only on the words but also on the eye moment, gesture and the facial expression of the speaker (Asemota 2015). Skills of Feedback: The feedback is the performance review of any person or any business organization. However, effective feedback could be defined as a feedback that is clearly heard, understood and accepted. Skill is required for giving effective feedbacks and it can transform the effectiveness of the feedback that is being offered and receptiveness of the receiver. The different principles of giving feedback in the business sector are: Effective feedback: Before giving the feedback to the desired person one should first understand the purpose of giving the feedback and the requirement. A feedback should not be harsh or offensive. Regularity: Giving of the feedback should be done on a regular basis as this is a process that requires attention. This is not a once in a year of a month event, it should be given as regular as possible so that the problems may not get out of hands. Specific: While giving out of the feedback, there should be specific and exact mention of what was wrong and on what does the receiver needs to improve or work on. Privacy: It is not that feedback would always be positive; there may also be negative and criticizing comments. Feedbacks as such should be given in private and not openly (Archer and Howie 2013). Skills of Questioning: Questioning the other person is the basics of effective communication system. Questioning effectively during an appropriate situation may change the whole range of the communication skills. The different principles of questioning are: Question strategy: Before asking a question, the first thing to consider is what to be asked. Asking of question would not make sense if the question asked is not appropriate. Questioning Styles: The type of question that is to be asked is also to be considered. Listening: After a question is asked, the answers would tell the questioner if he had the answer to what it has asked or not (Godbold and McCaffery 2015). Benefits and Models of Communication Skills: Benefits: The Interpersonal communication is the life blood of any business organization. Just like the blood transmits essential elements to the different part of our body, the interpersonal communication also carries essential informations to the different parts of an organization. The benefits of the interpersonal communication skills are: The interpersonal communication skills help to gather informations and communicate within the organization. The active and effective listening and feedback would help the employees and the customers to circulate the informations appropriately and with ease and to know the point of view of each other. The questioning skills help the person to gather information about anything from the other person and also to understand if the listening person has understood the words spoken or not (McQuail and Windahl 2015). Models: Berlos SMCR model of communication: In the year 1960, the Sender- Message- Channel- Receiver model of communication model of Shannon Weaver was modified by David erlo. In this modified model he proposed the different components as the sender who sends the message, the message that is to be sent, the channel which is the mode of transfer and the receiver who will receive the model (Turnitsa 2013). This modified model of David Berlo is represented as: Fig 1: Berlos model of communication, (Source: Heath and Bryant 2013) Through this model it could be specified that the listening as the third component under channel component through which the message from the source gets transferred to the receiver. Lasswells Model of Communication: In the year, the famous theorist of communication, Mr. Harold D. Lasswell developed the Lasswell model of communication. The lasswell model of communication is also known as the linear model or the action model. This one way model of communication is one of the most influential model of communication and was developed by Lasswell to analyze the mass communication (Sapienza et al. 2015). This modal can be represented as: Fig 1: Lasswells model of communication, (Source: Heath and Bryant 2013) In the above model of Lasswells communication model the different components of the communication could be identified. The components of this model are the: WHO: This refers to the person who is the sender of the message. SAYS WHAT: This refers to the message that has been sent by the sender. CHANNEL: This refers to the medium through which the sender sends the message to the receiver. TO WHOM: This refers to the person to whom the sender has sent the message to. WITH WHAT EFFECT: This refers to the effectiveness of the message that the message of the sender has sent to the receiver. The reaction of the receiver to the message is considered as the effect of the message on the receiver. Potential Challenges While Incorporation of the Communication: At times the brain remains busy with the processing of other instances as a result for which the speech is not registered or the already present activities become too loud that completely overpowers the new speech conveyed. A cultural gap may play a pivotal role because cultural differences might have different ways of reciprocation, which not match between two individuals. As a result of this, the listening result may be altered (Fletcher 2016). Language barriers are the main challenges faced in questioning. Moreover, one should have enough courage to proceed and ask a question to superiors or others which are often not done thinking that they might make a fool of himself. Self -respect and ego may act as barriers often in questioning a doubt during a communication (Stevens and Levi 2013). Feedback in a two ways communication does not have barriers as such. However, in a one way communication, there is often no scope for feedback. Such communications may include passing of ideas, information and instructions from higher authority, which does not allow the system of feedback. The lack of this provision always creates dissatisfaction and communication thus disrupting a proper feedback provision acting as a barrier (Scott 2016). Recommendation: The employees and managers of the business should be patient while listening to the complaints or any queries from the clients and the customers. Similarly, the company should carefully focus on implementing the changes as necessary. A system of receiving complaints and suggestions should be initiated so that the customers have a scope of showing their complaints and concerns. This would make the customers feel important and accepted. A clients remark is necessary for developing the products quality of the product. Product research should be conducted so that manufacturers can understand the prospective of the customers on a particular product. The employees should ask questions to customers about their products. Conclusion: Innumerable kinds of challenges often cause disruption of a proper communication in work fields. In business organizations, communication is the only process that is needed for effective results. The main mode of functioning however gets challenged due to various barriers such as noise, language and many others mentioned above which effects the tools such as feedback, questioning and listening. Different models of researchers further strengthen the discussion. All of these are done to state that with the help of the communication skills a smooth communication would exists between the stakeholders for further success in future. References: Archer, E. and Howie, S., 2013. Optimising a feedback system for monitoring learner performance in primary schools. Asemota, H.E., 2015. Nature, Importace and Practice pf Listening Skill.British Journal of Education,3(7), pp.27-33. Brandler, S. and Roman, C.P., 2015. Group work: Skills and strategies for effective interventions. Routledge. Fletcher, J.G., 2016.Exploring the Listening Phenomenon: The Effects of Receiver Apprehension and Communication Competence on Listening Style(Doctoral dissertation, University of Colorado Colorado Springs. Kraemer Family Library). Godbold, N. and McCaffery, K., 2015. Improving care by listening: care communication and shared decision-making.Communicating Quality and Safety in Health Care, p.164. Heath, R.L. and Bryant, J., 2013.Human communication theory and research: Concepts, contexts, and challenges. Routledge. McQuail, D. and Windahl, S., 2015. Communication models for the study of mass communications. Routledge. San Martn, C., Montero, I., Navarro, M.I. and Biglia, B., 2014. The development of referential communication: Improving message accuracy by coordinating private speech with peer questioning.Early Childhood Research Quarterly,29(1), pp.76-84. Sapienza, Z.S., Iyer, N. and Veenstra, A.S., 2015. Reading Lasswell's Model of Communication Backward: Three Scholarly Misconceptions. Mass Communication and Society, 18(5), pp.599-622. Scott, L., 2016. Effective Communication Requires Caring, Explaining, Listening, and Living the Role. Stevens, D.D. and Levi, A.J., 2013.Introduction to rubrics: An assessment tool to save grading time, convey effective feedback, and promote student learning. Stylus Publishing, LLC Turnitsa, C., 2013. Communication model elements for societal behavior representation using agent based models. In Proceedings, 2013 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop.

What lessons can be learned by leadership displayed by both sides during the Gallipoli Campaign Essay Example

What lessons can be learned by leadership displayed by both sides during the Gallipoli Campaign Essay The Gallipoli Campaign of the First World War is a valuable case study for learning about leadership qualities and styles. Although it is a sad fact that close to 500,000 lives were lost in the campaign, the decisions taken and tactics adopted during the course of these battles would serve present and future generations of military and political leaders. As some historians already point out, the Gallipoli campaign holds a special place in the annals of World War. Leading a Multicultural Army: The campaign was witness to some inspiring leadership skills that combined ethical norms, bravery and an astute understanding of the technical aspects of modern warfare. It is a tribute to those great men that they could exercise such superior qualities in the midst of a very unsettling phase in European history. The commanders were often handed charge of troops drawn from various nations. It requires of the leader to be sensitive and understanding of his subordinates’ sensibilities and cultural practices in order to win the trust and respect of the unit. For example, the Turkish forces were for the large part led by a German General, under whose exemplary leadership the combined allied efforts were nullified. What is all the more impressive is the fact that such a difficult challenge was successfully dealt with for nearly a year, which is a long time in a war situation. The successful organization of Turkish troops under a German leader acts as a model of cooperation to this day. The men in charge of United Nations operations across the globe today can learn a lot from the way Turkish and German nationals cooperated during a crucial juncture of the first Great War. We will write a custom essay sample on What lessons can be learned by leadership displayed by both sides during the Gallipoli Campaign specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What lessons can be learned by leadership displayed by both sides during the Gallipoli Campaign specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What lessons can be learned by leadership displayed by both sides during the Gallipoli Campaign specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The exemplary leadership of Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk): During the battle at Dardanelles, the outstanding leadership traits of Ataturk came into effect. The success at Canakkale Savaslari had boosted the morale of Turkish combatants. And they followed in the same vein at Dardanelles by exhibiting similar valour and resolve. This is a crucial battle result as the fall of Dardanelles to the Allied forces would have handed them a strategic advantage – as it would have opened the doors for an invasion of Constantinople, the Turkish capital. The victory at Dardanelles reinforced the Turkish nation’s faith in their leader Ataturk, whom they elected president after the war. This allowed Ataturk to implement his revolutionary principles, the foundations of which are still evident today. Good Leaders don’t ignore their subordinates: The British War Cabinet’s decision to attack turkey is preceded by an interesting turn of events. The leading advocate for such a move was the then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill. Churchill argued that a surprise attack on Turkey would debilitate them from further participation in the War and facilitate Allied march into Constantinople. The capture of Constantinople would give the allies the much coveted access to the Black Sea, via which they can send supplies to their allies in Russia. Theoretically, it was a sound idea – victory in Gallipoli could have fastened an early end to the war. But it is imprudent of military officers to neglect practical difficulties into account. Although the top brass of the British military machine concurred on the value of victory in Turkey, all of them without exception failed to take into consideration other valuable factors like terrain and enemy strength. Interestingly, the British troops did not share the same enthus iasm that their commanders did – there was scepticism among the lower ranks about the feasibility of the project. In hindsight their fears proved true. It further goes to show how the combatants in the thick of action possess a better sense of ground realities than their arm-chair commanders. Here is a lesson for all leaders – Heeding to the feelings of the subordinates can provide valuable clues which can be used in devising more suitable plans of action. A Rational and a Balanced Mind is required of all Leaders: With the setback of the Dardanelles initiative, the British high command arrived at the conclusion that an amphibious assault was the only option left. As a result, a strong regiment of 70,000 soldiers of British, French, Australian and New Zealand nationality were assembled. The allied forward thrust met with immediate resistance. Consequently, the Allies managed to hold their beach positions with great difficulty. And they were stay put in that position for another 4 months. It was at this juncture that the idea of opening a front at Suvla Bay was conceived. This was to prove another disaster for the Allied forces. But, Winston Churchill was willing to submit to the realities of the situation and called for further reinforcements. Fortunately, his wish was countermanded which prevented further casualties. The episode goes to show how military leaders are gripped by irrationality in their pursuit of a glory that is elusive. When so much is at stake, both for the nation and the indiv idual, the tendency is to take unwarranted risks. The countermand order to Churchill’s request for troops was a decision taken in a balanced frame of mind by weighing the pros and cons of the eventual course. Hence, all leaders should train themselves to preserve their rationality in the most turbulent of times. The Leadership of General Liman von Sanders: The German General Liman von Sanders, was instrumental in the outcome of the battle for Cape Helles. Cape Helles was an important objective for the Allies in the Dardanelles initiative. The combined efforts of the Allies were weakened by the conflict of interest among the coalition partners. For instance, the Russians were more concerned by the advantages Britain and France would gain through the conquest of Constantinople even though they were all fighting on the same side. The apprehension on the part of the Russians meant that they were reluctant to undertake their assignments on the Black Sea. They also undermined the British efforts by providing unreliable intelligence. It goes to show how national self-interest can supersede mutual agreements and treaties. Leaders will have to understand that all agreements, coalitions and contracts need to be backed up by contingency plans – as breach of agreements and violations of treaties are much too common in international affairs . A Silver Lining in every Dark Cloud: It is important to note that although the Allies were embarrassed by their failure to occupy Turkey, the Gallipoli diversion helped in distracting the German high command and slowed its march toward Moscow. Winston Churchill’s reputation suffered a huge setback. However, the experience was to come in handy for Churchill during his bigger role as the Prime Minister of Britain in the Second World War. Hence, there is no such thing as total disaster. This is something all leaders need to keep in mind. As long as mistakes are identified and seen to it that they are not repeated, all experiences can be useful. Such an attitude is essential for all leaders. It is what separates the average ones from the great ones. The Valour and Determination of Captain Alfred Shout Colonel William Malone: One leader of men who captured the imagination of both his subordinates and his enemies is Captain Alfred Shout. His name had become synonymous with the battle for Walker’s Ridge. Atop Baby 700, Captain Shout engaged the Turkish defence with his predominantly under-trained troops and still managed to hold ground. But what brought Alfred Shout enduring recognition and a place in the history books is his unsurpassed dedication to his men. Shout not only the leader of the Anzac battalion but he also helped save several lives through his courage and determination. In spite of being hit by several bullets, Captain Shout continued to carry wounded men away from the line of fire. He is said to have saved a dozen lives in this fashion. But what makes the endeavour all the more remarkable is the fact that Shout himself was severely wounded while performing these brave acts – his arm was made useless by the impact of an artillery and his lung punctured by one of the bullets. Yet, he persisted in carrying out his duty to the nation and to his fellow combatants. The severe strain would ultimately claim his life, but still, his commitment to his men helped inspire others in the thick of battle. It is only apt that Captain Alfred Shout was posthumously honoured with the Military Cross for his services to the Allied cause. Captain Shout’s story is one of leading by example. To gain the respect and admiration of equals and subordinates alike, a leader will have to set an example through his actions. And Captain Shout’s heroics will remain a worthy lesson for all leaders. Another hero for the Allies worthy of mention is Colonel William Malone. His inspirational leadership at Quinn’s Post helped the Allies’ cause by driving the Turkish frontline further back. Sadly though, Colonel Malone was killed by a stray artillery fire. Nevertheless, his men carried on the fight in the same spirit which helped secure some key positions. The story of Colonel Malone’s sacrifice goes on to highlight another key leadership quality – dedication and commitment to the cause. Lessons learnt from the Anzac Cove fiasco: The fiasco at the Anzac Cove would epitomize the lack of planning on part of the Allies. A wave of New Zealand soldiers were sent to back up the already inland Australian regiment. But the New Zealanders lost track of their destination and landed further ashore on what would later be named the Anzac Cove. Further chaos and confusion ensued as the Anzacs had no alternative but to move inland. Without a centralized command and a clear vision of the objectives, the operation failed miserably. To add insult to injury, the Anzacs faced further turmoil from well-trained Turkish snipers. The Anzac casualties were so high that serious consideration was given to abandoning the operation altogether. But indifferent to the general consensus, General Hamilton ordered his men to move on irrespective of enemy hostility. The fiasco at the Anzac Cove would lead to General Ian Hamilton losing his job. Here is an important lesson for all leaders. No amount of ambition can act as a substitute for metho dical and meticulous planning. The damages at the Anzac Cove could have been averted or substantially reduced had General Hamilton prepared and coordinated more carefully. The Disadvantages of Underestimating the Opponent: The Gallipoli Campaign will always be remembered for the Allied defeat against all odds. The Allies came very close to gaining some strategically important victories in the course of their year long ordeal in Turkey. The defeat of the Allies is all the more surprising, given their superior technological know-how and greater numbers. But contrary to accounts of Gallipoli by Western scholars, a study of Turkish documents of the time reveal how advanced their intelligence operations were and how prepared their commanders were. For example, the Turkish high command was well aware of the Allied forces’ impending initiatives in the month of April 1915. They also anticipated the withdrawal of enemy troops toward the end of November that year. Both these predictions proved to be accurate. It is evident that British officials underestimated the Turkish military infrastructure and sophistication. One of the qualities of good leadership is gaining sound understanding of the competition. The British leadership apparently failed in this regard. Hence their failure will serve future generations of leaders in emphasizing the importance of gaining an accurate estimate of the opponent. The Benefits of Planning and Foresight: There were other significant factors as well that undermined Allied efforts. The infantry under the British command were not properly trained. The Mitchell Report too points to this drawback. On top of that, some serious technical difficulties were overlooked in preparation for the campaign. For example, the capability of the Royal Navy in the unique geographical conditions of the Dardanelles straight was never tested before and no special provisions were made atop the warships to counter these challenges. Thus, the limitations of British naval gunnery were exposed in the most embarrassing manner. The estimate of the Turkish ammunition was also well off the mark. All these factors, when combined, offers a recipe for disaster, which the Gallipoli campaign was. Foresight, which is a key leadership quality, was evident in the leadership of General Limon von Sanders and found inadequate in the Allies. When it was finally decided to end the Gallipoli Campaign, the Allies displayed some qualities that they lacked previously in the campaign. The withdrawal of the Australian and New Zealand troops (the Anzacs) drew much praise for the way in which it was executed. There was not a single casualty during the withdrawal in December as the operation was carried out under high secrecy. It is ironic however, that the Allies got their act together after suffering great damage to their resources. The December withdrawal of troops, which ended the campaign, remains the only efficient and well-planned phase of the whole operation. This further highlights the importance of sound planning. In this instance, the Allied leadership applied the principle and it fetched agreeable results. References: Fewster, Kevin., â€Å"Gallipoli: The Turkish Story†, Allen Unwin, 2003. Haythornthwaite, Philip J., â€Å"Gallipoli 1915: Frontal assault on Turkey†, Osprey Publishing, 1991. The Gallipoli Campaign of the First World War is a valuable case study for learning about leadership qualities and styles. Although it is a sad fact that close to 500,000 lives were lost in the campaign, the decisions taken and tactics adopted during the course of these battles would serve present and future generations of military and political leaders. As some historians already point out, the Gallipoli campaign holds a special place in the annals of World War. Leading a Multicultural Army: The campaign was witness to some inspiring leadership skills that combined ethical norms, bravery and an astute understanding of the technical aspects of modern warfare. It is a tribute to those great men that they could exercise such superior qualities in the midst of a very unsettling phase in European history. The commanders were often handed charge of troops drawn from various nations. It requires of the leader to be sensitive and understanding of his .

Computer Crime essays

Computer Crime essays New times bring new crimes. It's a story as old as humanity and as new as the Internet. First comes cars, then car thieves follow. Telephones are followed by telephone fraud. Now we've got computers . . .. To make home, school, and office life easier, society relies on computers. As a result of this dependency, computer use grows everyday. Along with the growing use of computers comes widespread computer crime. With the Internet becoming increasingly popular, more and more people are becoming computer literate, and networks are becoming more readily accessible. The rise in computer crime can easily be blamed upon the increasing number of users. The Internet is widely deemed as a new community and "wild" electric frontier. Either way you look at it, the Internet offers cover for con artists, ground for grifters, and plenty of places where larceny can lurk. It provides the same opportunities for crime that the real world offers. Internet crimes, however, carry their own intricacies and innovations. These online crimes take advantage of the very same technologies that make the Internet possible. The most common crimes committed on the Internet are the same basic variations of the four main time-tested, real-world crimes: Forgery (of E-mail), assault (on your Web site, E-mail box, or computer system), fraud (cyberscams), and robbery (theft of valuable information). Various types of people commit computer crimes. The two most familiar being hackers and crackers. A hacker is a person who enjoys exploring the details of a programmable system and how to stretch their capabilities; one who programs enthusiastically, even obsessively. A cracker is one who breaks security on a system. Although hackers and crackers both break into computer systems, their motives are different. Hackers seem to break into computer systems for the intellectual challenge. Crackers are considered malicious with the intention of harming or causing damage to a compute...

The Role of the Internet and Crime Research Paper

The Role of the Internet and Crime - Research Paper Example Such information attracts criminals. Moreover internet is the fastest way for information transfer. It is very important for criminals. Also such types of criminal activity as computer viruses and malicious codes, cyber stalking and information warfare can damage our personal information. All these criminal activities are greatly influenced by the Internet, because it is the world of a great amount of information, in many cases unprotected information, and it is the place where person can stay incognito (Johanna Granville). Let’s take a closer look how the Internet aids criminal activity. â€Å"Work-at-home† schemes. In this scheme victim finds a job opportunity or receive an e-mail from fake company. The job is part-time and has a generous salary. The main â€Å"job† responsibilities are to rewrite articles or translate texts or to be middleman for charity organization that collects donations for victims of a natural disaster. Then the scammer asks the person for her personal information such as bank account numbers, Social Security number and date of birth. As the fraudsters says all these personal information is needed for hiring process, but in fact with these information they can monitor the victim’s account balances. When a big amount of money appears, the fraudster drains the account. Drug trafficking is another example of the Internet influence on criminal activity. Cyber world has become very popular among drug dealers. They use the Internet cafes to arrange their deals and courier web sites to track the drugs. They even create chat rooms with restricted access in order to swap recipes for amphetamine. One more example worth of remembering is changing information among terrorists through the Internet. They can easily plan their actions no matter where they are. It is better than phone, because you can stay incognito longer and it is harder to find such kind of information. As the Internet is World Wide it

Statistical Analysis study of Data Collection Essay

Statistical Analysis study of Data Collection - Essay Example Job satisfaction is an essential component that determines the productivity and retention of performing employees. The last, extrinsic satisfaction is based upon the surveyed employees’ response to the survey as regards their working environment and workplace. These responses have been analyzed in this paper. This is an important aspect of ensuring that the organization provides a good workplace and an atmosphere where the employee is motivated to perform at his best. Or, negatively speaking, there are very few distractions and the workers are able to concentrate on delivering their best. The population size of the Human Resources department is very small and is therefore not considered for the purpose of this paper. The administration department, being a staff function, operates in a different atmosphere, Information Technology (IT), the line function of this organization, is selected for detailed analysis. The IT department has a total of 100 employees of which 29 are male. The satisfaction levels in this department, based on extrinsic factors, are further studied by calculating the statistical central tendencies for extrinsic satisfaction. The measures adopted are: The above are calculated for all the employees first and then for female and male employees separately. All data is calculated on a scale of 1 to 7 where 1 represents very poor and 7 as very good. The results are presented below: Analysis of the data above throws important light on some of the aspects of the management and environment of the IT department. All employees rate their satisfaction with the working environment on an average of 4.50-4.60, with the female employees giving a slightly higher rating. It is the deviation that shows that while the male employees are more coherent in their opinion, the females differ more widely as to how they perceive the situation. This is also

Chemistry of Chocolate Essay Example for Free

Chemistry of Chocolate Essay Chocolate is made from the cacao bean. According to Rodney Lipson, â€Å"Cacao has been a cultivated crop for at least three thousand years, probably quite a bit more. The people who first utilized Cacao were the inhabitants of what is now Venezuela† (Lipson) This group of people would eventually spread the cacao bean in northwestern South America. Cacao was clearly highly valued by these people and they spread it northward through trade with their neighbors. It was probably the Maya, over 1500 years ago, who brought Cacao to Yucatan in what is now Mexico. The Aztecs who got Cacao from the Maya, used Cacao in a number of ways, one common way was as a bitter spice in food and possibly also as a base for pasta or bread, but the most well-known way that Cacao was as a drink. While the Maya drank Chocolate hot, the Aztecs seem to have often taken it cold. The Aztecs called the drink, and apparently the bean as well, Xocoatl. From this word comes the pan-European word Chocolate. When Europeans first made contact with the Aztec civilization, Cacao was being cultivated and used extensively. The Spanish Conquistadors quickly noticed the benefits of Chocolate and used it to keep their armies marching long distances with little food. From the Aztecs the Spanish took it to Europe. Chocolate was widely used in Catholic countries after 1569 when Pope Pius V declared that Chocolate, the drink, did not break the fast, despite the hearty nutritional aspects of Chocolate† (Lipson). Chocolate continued to be moved from country to country through trade and exploration. Soon chocolate found its way into America, and according to Lipson, â€Å"In 1900 Milton Snavely Hershey, a Mennonite from Pennsylvania, began producing milk-chocolate bars and kisses with great success. He was anti-alcohol and saw Chocolate as a good, profitable alternative. His empire grew even larger during World War I, when Milton Hershey encouraged the US Army to add four Hershey bars to each soldiers daily ration† (Lipson). Because of Hershey, chocolate was now affordable for everyone, and his methods of making chocolate are still used today. Peter’s chocolate tells us that chocolate is made by, â€Å"storing the cacao beans in silos or warehouse. These rooms are well aired, kept at cool temperature and the humidity regularly checked. Before the production stage, the beans are sorted and cleaned. Cocoa does not acquire the richness of its color and the fullness of its flavor until it is roasted. The degree of care given to this operation has considerable influence on the ultimate quality of the end product either cocoa powder or chocolate. When roasting is complete, the beans are cooled and their thin shells removed by a winnowing machine. The husked and winnowed beans are called nibs. Heres where the first secrets of the chocolate manufacturer come in. The nibs are blended, combining as many as eight to ten varieties. It is control of these subtle mixtures that maintains a constant quality and brings out the flavor of each particular variety of chocolate. The roasted and winnowed nibs then pass through refining mills and are ground. The heat generated by grinding causes the cocoa butter or fat to melt and form a fine paste or liquid known as chocolate liquor. This goes to large hydraulic presses which remove most of the cocoa butter. The cake which is left may eventually be made into cocoa powder. The cake goes through several processes in which it is crushed, milled and finely sifted. After the cocoa paste, cocoa butter, milk, sugar and additional flavorings have been carefully weighed out in accordance with the recipe, they go into a mixer where rotating, kneading arms thoroughly mix all the ingredients. The result is a homogeneous, paste-like mixture which is already pleasant to taste, but still feels gritty to the palate. The chocolate is put in a conching machine. While in the machine, the chocolate turns over in the conching machine, a controlled amount of air ventilates the mass, allowing the full aroma and flavor to develop. The still-warm conched chocolate is placed in a tempering machine so that it can be slowly and steadily cooled. The tempering prevents separation in the chocolate when its filled into bar molds and hardens† (Peter’s). This results in the average chocolate bar.